In short: Menopause is when periods stop permanently, usually confirmed after 12 months without a period, and it happens at an average age of around 51 in Australia. The years of hormonal change leading up to it (perimenopause) can bring symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep problems and mood changes. There are effective ways to manage symptoms, and your GP can help you find what suits you.
What Is Menopause?
Menopause marks the end of your reproductive years, when your ovaries stop releasing eggs and your levels of the hormone oestrogen fall. It is officially reached when you have gone 12 months without a menstrual period. In Australia, menopause happens at an average age of around 51, although the normal range is wide.
Menopause is a natural stage of life, not an illness — but the changes it brings can affect wellbeing and daily life, and support is available if you need it.
What Is Perimenopause?
Perimenopause is the transition leading up to menopause, when hormone levels fluctuate. It can last several years and often begins in your 40s (sometimes earlier). During this time your periods may become irregular, and you may start to notice symptoms even though you are still having periods. Perimenopause ends once you have reached menopause.
What Are the Symptoms of Menopause?
Symptoms vary a great deal — some people have few, while others find them disruptive. Common symptoms of perimenopause and menopause include:
- Hot flushes and night sweats
- Difficulty sleeping
- Mood changes, irritability or low mood
- Difficulty concentrating, sometimes described as "brain fog"
- Vaginal dryness or discomfort
- Reduced interest in sex
- Aches in the joints or muscles
- Irregular periods (during perimenopause)
- Changes in weight
These symptoms are caused by changing hormone levels and, for most people, ease over time. If symptoms are affecting your quality of life, you do not have to simply put up with them — effective treatments are available.
When Should I See a GP About Menopause?
It is worth seeing your GP if menopausal symptoms are bothering you, if you are unsure whether your symptoms are due to menopause, or if you want to discuss treatment options. You should also see your GP if you experience menopause symptoms before the age of 45, as earlier menopause may need assessment and management, or if you have any unusual bleeding — for example bleeding after menopause — which should always be checked.
How Is Menopause Diagnosed?
For most people in the typical age range, menopause is diagnosed based on your age and symptoms, and a blood test is not usually needed. In some situations — for example in younger people, or where the picture is unclear — your GP may arrange blood tests to help. Your GP will also consider whether other conditions could be contributing to how you feel.
How Can Menopause Symptoms Be Managed?
There is no one-size-fits-all approach. The right plan depends on your symptoms, your health, your preferences and your individual risks. Options your GP may discuss include:
Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), previously known as hormone replacement therapy, works by topping up the hormones your body is producing less of. It is the most effective treatment for symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats. For many healthy people — particularly those aged between 50 and 60, or within 10 years of menopause — MHT has low risks, but it is not suitable for everyone. Your GP will discuss the benefits and risks for your situation so you can decide together.
Non-Hormonal Medicines
For people who cannot or prefer not to use MHT, some non-hormonal medicines can help. For example, certain medications used for mood can also reduce hot flushes and night sweats, and may help with mood and sleep. Your GP can explain the options.
Vaginal Symptoms
Vaginal dryness and discomfort can be treated effectively, including with vaginal moisturisers and low-dose vaginal oestrogen, which acts locally. These can be used by many people, including some who do not use other forms of MHT.
Lifestyle and Self-Care
Healthy lifestyle measures can ease symptoms and support your overall health during and after menopause:
- Regular physical activity, including weight-bearing exercise for bone health
- A balanced diet — an Accredited Practising Dietitian can help
- Good sleep habits
- Limiting alcohol and caffeine, which can trigger hot flushes for some people
- Strategies to manage stress
Looking After Your Long-Term Health
After menopause, lower oestrogen levels can affect bone strength (raising the risk of osteoporosis) and heart health. Your GP can help you look after these areas with appropriate checks and advice, so menopause becomes a good prompt for a broader health review.
Menopause Care at Our Truganina Clinic
Our GPs provide menopause and women's health care in a supportive, unhurried setting. We can assess your symptoms, discuss treatment options including MHT, and help you look after your long-term health. You are welcome to book a longer appointment so there is time to talk things through.
To discuss menopause, book an appointment online or call us on (03) 9958 6699.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the average age of menopause in Australia?
Menopause happens at an average age of around 51 in Australia, although the normal range is wide. It is reached when you have gone 12 months without a menstrual period. The years of hormonal change leading up to it, called perimenopause, often begin in your 40s and can last several years.
What are the most common symptoms of menopause?
Common symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, difficulty sleeping, mood changes, difficulty concentrating ("brain fog"), vaginal dryness, reduced interest in sex, joint aches and irregular periods during perimenopause. Symptoms vary a lot from person to person — some have few, while others find them disruptive. Effective treatments are available if symptoms affect your quality of life.
What is the difference between perimenopause and menopause?
Perimenopause is the transition leading up to menopause, when hormone levels fluctuate, periods become irregular, and symptoms may begin — even though you are still having periods. Menopause is reached once you have gone 12 months without a period. Perimenopause can last several years and often starts in your 40s.
Is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) safe?
For many healthy people — particularly those aged 50 to 60, or within 10 years of menopause — MHT has low risks and is the most effective treatment for symptoms such as hot flushes. However, it is not suitable for everyone, and the balance of benefits and risks depends on your individual health. Your GP will discuss whether MHT is appropriate for you.
Do I need a blood test to diagnose menopause?
Usually not. For most people in the typical age range, menopause is diagnosed based on your age and symptoms, without a blood test. Your GP may arrange blood tests in some situations, such as in younger people or where the diagnosis is unclear. They will also consider whether other conditions could be contributing to your symptoms.
When should I see a doctor about menopause symptoms?
See your GP if menopausal symptoms are bothering you, if you are unsure whether your symptoms are due to menopause, or if you want to discuss treatment. You should also see your GP if you have symptoms before age 45, or any unusual bleeding such as bleeding after menopause, which should always be checked.
Trusted Sources for Further Reading
- Healthdirect Australia — Menopause and Perimenopause
- Jean Hailes for Women's Health — Menopause
- Department of Health, Disability and Ageing — Menopause and perimenopause: treatment options
This article is for general information only and does not replace professional medical advice. Treatment for menopause should be individualised. Please do not start or stop any medicine without guidance. If you have concerns, please consult your GP.
